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Prediction of Strength Properties of Concrete Containing Calcined Black Cotton Soil Using Response Surface Methodology

Received: 16 July 2020     Accepted: 4 August 2020     Published: 16 December 2020
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Abstract

This research predicts the strength properties of concrete containing Calcined Black Cotton Soil (CBCS) using response surface methodology. Cement production requires large amount of energy and emits greenhouse gases that have negative impact on the environment. Utilization of CBCS as cement replacement in concrete will reduce these negative impact. Experimental plan was designed using response surface method in Design Expert software to predict compressive strength, density and water absorption of concrete containing CBCS. The CBCS was varied from 5 to 20% while the curing period was varied and 7 to 28 days. Face-centered central composite design method of response surface was used. The design consists of two design factors at three levels (coded as -1, 0, +1) each. The factors are the curing period, and the CBCS contents. The results showed that CBCS is a pozzolana. CBCS increases durability of concrete by decreasing its water absorption. All the response surface models developed for the water absorption, density and compressive strength showed very good relationship between the predictors and the responses with coefficients of determination, R2 > 0.94 and p-values < 0.05.

Published in American Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing (Volume 5, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajmsp.20200502.11
Page(s) 17-25
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Calcined Black Cotton Soil, Compressive Strength, Concrete, Density, Response Surface Methodology, Water Absorption

References
[1] Arshad, M. T. et al. (2018). Cementitious Composites Reinforced with Multiwalled Carbon Nano Tube Dispersed in Gum Arabic. International Journal of Technology and Engineering Studies. 4 (6), 227-232. doi: https://dx.doiorg/10.20469/ijtes.4.10004-6
[2] Nicoara, A. I. et al. (2020). End-of-life Materials used as Supplementary Cementitious Materials in the Concrete Industry. Materials. 13 (8). doi: 10.3390/ma13081954.
[3] Abubakar, A., Mohammed, A., & Duna, S. (2016). Mechanical Properties of Concrete Containing Corncob Ash. International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Studies, 3 (6), 47-51.
[4] Sakir, S. et al. (2020). Utilization of By-Product and Waste as Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Structural Mortar for Sustainable construction. Sustainability. 12 (9). doi: 10.3390/su12093888.
[5] Osinubi, K. J., Eberemu, A. and Oyelakin, M. (2011). Improvement of Black Cotton Soil with Ordinary Portland Cement – Locust Bean Waste Ash Blended, Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 16. 619-620.
[6] Myers, R. H., & Montgomery, D. C. (2002). Response Surface Methodology: Process and Product Optimization using Desinged Experiment. A Wiley-Interscience Publication.
[7] Alejandra, T., Trezza, M. A., Scian, A. N. & Edgardo, F. I. (2013). Assessment of Pozzolanic Activity of Different Calcined Clays, Cement and Concrete Composites. 37. 319–327. 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.01.002.
[8] BS EN 197. Cement - Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements. British Standard Specification, London, 1992.
[9] BS EN 1097. Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 6: Determination of Particle Density and Water Absorption. British Standard Specification, London, 2000.
[10] BS 812. Testing Aggregates – Part 2: Methods of Determination of Density, British Standard Specification, London, 1995.
[11] BS EN 933. Determination of Particle Size Distribution – Part 1: Sieving Method. British Standard Specification, London, 1997.
[12] BS 812. Testing Aggregates – Part 110: Methods for determination of aggregate crushing value (ACV). British Standard Specification, London, 1990.
[13] ASTM C 311. (2011). Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natiral Pozzolans for use in Porland Cement Concrete. Philadelphia, USA: Annual Book of ASTM Standards.
[14] ASTM C 618 (2012). Standard Specification for Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for use as a Mineral Admixture in Portland Cement Concrete. Philadelphia, USA: Annual Book of ASTM Standards.
[15] BS EN 12390. Testing hardened concrete – Part 1: Shape, dimensions and other requirements for specimens and moulds. British Standard Specification, London, 2000.
[16] BS EN 12390. Testing hardened concrete - Part 2: Making and curing specimens for strength tests. British Standard Specification, London, 2000.
[17] BS EN 12350. (1999). Testing of Fresh Concrete-Part 2: Slump Test. London: British Standard Specification.
[18] BS EN 12390. Testing hardened concrete - Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens. British Standard Specification, London, 2001.
[19] BS EN 12390. Testing hardened concrete - Part 4: Compressive strength Specification for testing machines. British Standard Specification, London, 2000.
[20] BS EN 12390. Testing hardened concrete - Part 7: Density of hardened concrete. British Standard Specification, London, 2000.
[21] BS 1881. Testing concrete - Part 122: Method for determination of water absorption. British Standard Specification, London, 1983.
[22] Neville, A. M. (2000). Properties of Concrete, 4th Edition, England, Longman.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Aliyu Abubakar, Udofia Ruth Idongesit, Claudius Konitufe, Abbagana Mohammed. (2020). Prediction of Strength Properties of Concrete Containing Calcined Black Cotton Soil Using Response Surface Methodology. American Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing, 5(2), 17-25. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmsp.20200502.11

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    ACS Style

    Aliyu Abubakar; Udofia Ruth Idongesit; Claudius Konitufe; Abbagana Mohammed. Prediction of Strength Properties of Concrete Containing Calcined Black Cotton Soil Using Response Surface Methodology. Am. J. Mater. Synth. Process. 2020, 5(2), 17-25. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmsp.20200502.11

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    AMA Style

    Aliyu Abubakar, Udofia Ruth Idongesit, Claudius Konitufe, Abbagana Mohammed. Prediction of Strength Properties of Concrete Containing Calcined Black Cotton Soil Using Response Surface Methodology. Am J Mater Synth Process. 2020;5(2):17-25. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmsp.20200502.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajmsp.20200502.11,
      author = {Aliyu Abubakar and Udofia Ruth Idongesit and Claudius Konitufe and Abbagana Mohammed},
      title = {Prediction of Strength Properties of Concrete Containing Calcined Black Cotton Soil Using Response Surface Methodology},
      journal = {American Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing},
      volume = {5},
      number = {2},
      pages = {17-25},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajmsp.20200502.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmsp.20200502.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmsp.20200502.11},
      abstract = {This research predicts the strength properties of concrete containing Calcined Black Cotton Soil (CBCS) using response surface methodology. Cement production requires large amount of energy and emits greenhouse gases that have negative impact on the environment. Utilization of CBCS as cement replacement in concrete will reduce these negative impact. Experimental plan was designed using response surface method in Design Expert software to predict compressive strength, density and water absorption of concrete containing CBCS. The CBCS was varied from 5 to 20% while the curing period was varied and 7 to 28 days. Face-centered central composite design method of response surface was used. The design consists of two design factors at three levels (coded as -1, 0, +1) each. The factors are the curing period, and the CBCS contents. The results showed that CBCS is a pozzolana. CBCS increases durability of concrete by decreasing its water absorption. All the response surface models developed for the water absorption, density and compressive strength showed very good relationship between the predictors and the responses with coefficients of determination, R2 > 0.94 and p-values < 0.05.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Prediction of Strength Properties of Concrete Containing Calcined Black Cotton Soil Using Response Surface Methodology
    AU  - Aliyu Abubakar
    AU  - Udofia Ruth Idongesit
    AU  - Claudius Konitufe
    AU  - Abbagana Mohammed
    Y1  - 2020/12/16
    PY  - 2020
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmsp.20200502.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmsp.20200502.11
    T2  - American Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing
    JF  - American Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing
    JO  - American Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing
    SP  - 17
    EP  - 25
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1530
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmsp.20200502.11
    AB  - This research predicts the strength properties of concrete containing Calcined Black Cotton Soil (CBCS) using response surface methodology. Cement production requires large amount of energy and emits greenhouse gases that have negative impact on the environment. Utilization of CBCS as cement replacement in concrete will reduce these negative impact. Experimental plan was designed using response surface method in Design Expert software to predict compressive strength, density and water absorption of concrete containing CBCS. The CBCS was varied from 5 to 20% while the curing period was varied and 7 to 28 days. Face-centered central composite design method of response surface was used. The design consists of two design factors at three levels (coded as -1, 0, +1) each. The factors are the curing period, and the CBCS contents. The results showed that CBCS is a pozzolana. CBCS increases durability of concrete by decreasing its water absorption. All the response surface models developed for the water absorption, density and compressive strength showed very good relationship between the predictors and the responses with coefficients of determination, R2 > 0.94 and p-values < 0.05.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Civil Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria

  • Department of Civil Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria

  • Department of Civil Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria

  • Department of Civil Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria

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