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Comparison of Various Plastics Wastes Using X-ray Fluorescence

Received: 14 March 2017     Accepted: 1 April 2017     Published: 24 April 2017
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Abstract

Plastics production is increased recently due to their various applications such as construction, electronic, packaging and others. The rising in plastics demand lead to developed of recycling and energy recovery method to control plastic wastes. Recycling process is needs to be arranged according to resins, colors and transparency of all plastics. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) was developed for the determination of the chemical composition in different plastics materials (with resin identification code) of PETE (1) or PET (01), HDPE (2) or PE-HD (02), V (3) or PVC (03), LDPE (4) or PE-LD, PP (5) or PP (06), PS (6) or PS (06) and Others (7) or O (07). XRF was measured elements such as Si, S, Cl, Fr, Ca, Ti, V, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Kr, Zr, Nb, Mo and Nb in both kα and kβ lines, where PP with high percentage in both PET and PVC plastics, which is highly hazardous. In addition, chemical compositions in percentages were detected for various plastics materials.

Published in American Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing (Volume 2, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajmsp.20170202.12
Page(s) 24-27
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Plastics, XRF, Energy, Quantitative Analysis, Elements

References
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[3] A. L. Andrady, M. A. Neal, “Applications and societal benefits of plastics,” Phil Trans R Soc, vol. 364, 1977-1984, B 2009.
[4] UNEP, Global Chemical Outlook e towards Sound Management of Chemicals, 2013.
[5] Association of Plastic Manufacturers Europe. An analysis of European plastics production, demand and waste data. Belgium: European Association of Plastics Recycling and Recovery Organisations, pp. 1-32, 2015.
[6] J. H Tibbetts, “Managing marine plastic pollution: policy initiatives to address wayward waste. Environ Health Perspect,” vol. 123, pp. A90-A93, 2015.
[7] S. D. Anuar Sharuddin, F. Abnisa, W. M. Ashri Wan Daud, M. K. Aroua, “A review on pyrolysis of plastic wastes,” Energy conversion and management, vol. 115, pp. 308-326, 2016.
[8] S. H. Jung, M. H. Cho, B. S. Kang, J. S. Kim, “Pyrolysis of a fraction of waste polypropylene and polyethylene for the recovery of BTX aromatics using a fluidized bed reactor,” Fuel Process Technol, vol. 91, pp. 277-84, 2010.
[9] P. T. Williams, E. A. Williams, “Fluidised bed pyrolysis of low density polyethylene to produce petrochemical feedstock,” J Anal Appl Pyrol, vol. 51, pp. 107-261999.
[10] J. A. Onwudili, N. Insura, P. T. Williams, “Composition of products from the pyrolysis of polyethylene and polystyrene in a closed batch reactor: effects of temperature and residence time,” J Anal Appl Pyrol, vol. 86, pp. 293-303, 2009.
[11] J. A. Ivair do Sul, M. F., “Costa The present and future of microplastic pollution in the marine environment. Environ Pollut,” vol. 185, pp. 352-364, 2014.
[12] G. P. Karayannidis, D. S. Achilias, Chemical recycling of poly (ethylene terephthalate), Macromol. Mater. Eng., vol. 292, pp. 128-146, 2007.
[13] J. G. Poulakis, C. D. Papaspyrides, “Recycling of polypropylene by the dissolution/reprecipitation technique: I. A model study,” Res. Conserv. Recycl., vol. 20, pp. 31-41, 1997.
[14] J. G. Poulakis, C. D. Papaspyrides, “The dissolution/reprecipitation technique applied on high-density polyethylene: I. Model recycling experiments,” Adv. Polym. Techn., vol. 14 (3), pp. 237-242, 1995.
[15] British Plastics Federation. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC). London; 2015.
[16] A. Garton, “Infrared Spectroscopy of Polymer Blends, Composites and Surfaces”, Hanser Publishers, New York, 1992.
[17] P. A. Michael, “Plastic waste total in MSW,” Society of the Plastic Industry, 2010.
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Faten Adel Ismael Chaqmaqchee, Amera Ghareeb Baker, Najeba Farhad Salih. (2017). Comparison of Various Plastics Wastes Using X-ray Fluorescence. American Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing, 2(2), 24-27. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmsp.20170202.12

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    ACS Style

    Faten Adel Ismael Chaqmaqchee; Amera Ghareeb Baker; Najeba Farhad Salih. Comparison of Various Plastics Wastes Using X-ray Fluorescence. Am. J. Mater. Synth. Process. 2017, 2(2), 24-27. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmsp.20170202.12

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    AMA Style

    Faten Adel Ismael Chaqmaqchee, Amera Ghareeb Baker, Najeba Farhad Salih. Comparison of Various Plastics Wastes Using X-ray Fluorescence. Am J Mater Synth Process. 2017;2(2):24-27. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmsp.20170202.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajmsp.20170202.12,
      author = {Faten Adel Ismael Chaqmaqchee and Amera Ghareeb Baker and Najeba Farhad Salih},
      title = {Comparison of Various Plastics Wastes Using X-ray Fluorescence},
      journal = {American Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing},
      volume = {2},
      number = {2},
      pages = {24-27},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajmsp.20170202.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmsp.20170202.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmsp.20170202.12},
      abstract = {Plastics production is increased recently due to their various applications such as construction, electronic, packaging and others. The rising in plastics demand lead to developed of recycling and energy recovery method to control plastic wastes. Recycling process is needs to be arranged according to resins, colors and transparency of all plastics. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) was developed for the determination of the chemical composition in different plastics materials (with resin identification code) of PETE (1) or PET (01), HDPE (2) or PE-HD (02), V (3) or PVC (03), LDPE (4) or PE-LD, PP (5) or PP (06), PS (6) or PS (06) and Others (7) or O (07). XRF was measured elements such as Si, S, Cl, Fr, Ca, Ti, V, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Kr, Zr, Nb, Mo and Nb in both kα and kβ lines, where PP with high percentage in both PET and PVC plastics, which is highly hazardous. In addition, chemical compositions in percentages were detected for various plastics materials.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Comparison of Various Plastics Wastes Using X-ray Fluorescence
    AU  - Faten Adel Ismael Chaqmaqchee
    AU  - Amera Ghareeb Baker
    AU  - Najeba Farhad Salih
    Y1  - 2017/04/24
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmsp.20170202.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmsp.20170202.12
    T2  - American Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing
    JF  - American Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing
    JO  - American Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing
    SP  - 24
    EP  - 27
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1530
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmsp.20170202.12
    AB  - Plastics production is increased recently due to their various applications such as construction, electronic, packaging and others. The rising in plastics demand lead to developed of recycling and energy recovery method to control plastic wastes. Recycling process is needs to be arranged according to resins, colors and transparency of all plastics. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) was developed for the determination of the chemical composition in different plastics materials (with resin identification code) of PETE (1) or PET (01), HDPE (2) or PE-HD (02), V (3) or PVC (03), LDPE (4) or PE-LD, PP (5) or PP (06), PS (6) or PS (06) and Others (7) or O (07). XRF was measured elements such as Si, S, Cl, Fr, Ca, Ti, V, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Kr, Zr, Nb, Mo and Nb in both kα and kβ lines, where PP with high percentage in both PET and PVC plastics, which is highly hazardous. In addition, chemical compositions in percentages were detected for various plastics materials.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Koy Sanjaq, Iraq

  • Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Koy Sanjaq, Iraq

  • Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Koy Sanjaq, Iraq

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